Neuroprotection & Oxidative Stress
In vitro work reports dose-dependent suppression of ROS accumulation and reduced necrotic cell death in neuronal cell models exposed to oxidative stress.
Khavinson et al. 2011≥99% Purity
Pinealon
A brain peptide studied for focus, memory, and protection
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About this compound
Pinealon is a short brain-targeting peptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) researched for protecting neurons, supporting focus and memory, and promoting healthy aging of the nervous system.
Copper-free EDR short-peptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide)
- Formula
- C15H26N6O8
- Molecular weight
- 418.4 g/mol
- Form
- Lyophilized powder
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Published Studies
Khavinson bioregulator research
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Amino Acids
Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR) tripeptide
EDR
Short-Peptide Class
St. Petersburg bioregulator program
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Research Areas
Neuroprotection & Oxidative Stress · Prenatal Neuroprotection Models · Peptide–Gene Expression & more
How It Works
How Pinealon works
The pathways Pinealon acts on — and what each one does. The animation traces its signal outward from the compound to every target it engages.
Signalling pathways studied in preclinical models · illustrative
Gene-Level Bioregulation
Peptide–DNA Interaction
Pinealon is a short, positively charged tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg). Research from the Khavinson group proposes that peptides of this class interact electrostatically with chromatin and the promoter regions of specific genes, influencing transcription of neuroprotective and antioxidant proteins.
- Proposed binding to promoter regions of specific genes
- Associated with sequence-specific changes in gene expression
- Studied as an epigenetic-level regulator rather than a receptor agonist
Reactive Oxygen Species Suppression
Oxidative Stress
In vitro studies report that pinealon produces dose-dependent restriction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils, and PC12 cells under oxidative stress, alongside a decrease in necrotic cell death.
- Dose-dependent reduction of ROS accumulation in neuronal models
- Reduced necrotic cell death under oxidative-stress conditions
- Effects studied in cerebellar granule and PC12 cell lines
Neuroprotection & Plasticity
Neurotrophic Support
Research in prenatal and aged-animal models has examined pinealon's neuroprotective profile, including improved resistance of cerebellar neurons to oxidative stress and reported changes in neurotrophic-factor expression.
- Studied in prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia and hypoxia models
- Associated with improved neuronal resistance to oxidative stress
- Investigated in the context of cognitive-aging research
Uses & Applications
What Pinealon is researched for
The main areas Pinealon is being studied for — and the study-reported figures behind them.
Prenatal Neuroprotection Models
Animal studies examined pinealon in prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia, reporting improved offspring cognitive measures and greater cerebellar neuron resistance to oxidative stress.
Arutjunyan et al. 2012Peptide–Gene Expression
EDR-class peptides are studied as short-peptide regulators of gene expression and protein synthesis, with proposed binding to specific DNA promoter regions.
Khavinson et al. 2021Hypoxia Resistance
In vivo research investigated regulatory peptides, including pinealon, for their effect on brain-neuron survival under hypoxic conditions.
Kozina et al. 2008Molecular Structure
The Pinealon molecule
An interactive 3D model rendered from the compound record — rotate and explore its structure.
C15H26N6O8
Third-Party Verified
Independently tested. Verifiably pure.
Every batch of Pinealon is sent to an accredited independent laboratory before it ships. Here is what we screen for.
- HPLC Purity AnalysisConfirms the peptide is ≥99% pure
- Mass SpectrometryVerifies the exact molecular identity
- Heavy Metals ScreeningLead, arsenic, cadmium & mercury — Pass
- Endotoxins (LAL)Bacterial endotoxin levels — Pass
- Sterility TestingNo microbial contamination — Pass
- Net Peptide ContentActual peptide mass per vial verified
Certificate of Analysis · Freedom DiagnosticPASS
- HPLC Purity
- ≥99%
- Identity
- Mass-spec confirmed
- Endotoxin (LAL)
- Pass
- Net content
- Verified
Compound Information
Full specification
| Chemical Name | Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) |
| Sequence | L-Glutamyl-L-Aspartyl-L-Arginine (EDR tripeptide) |
| Molecular Weight | 418.4 g/mol |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₅H₂₆N₆O₈ |
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC verified) |
| Testing | Third-party HPLC, Mass Spec, Endotoxin |
| Storage (Lyophilized) | -20°C for long-term stability |
| Storage (Reconstituted) | 2–8°C, use within 14 days |
| Solubility | Bacteriostatic water for reconstitution |
| COA | Included with every order |
FAQ
Common questions about Pinealon
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide composed of L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, and L-arginine (Glu-Asp-Arg, often abbreviated EDR). It belongs to the class of short-peptide "bioregulators" developed within Professor Vladimir Khavinson's research program at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, and is studied for its proposed effects on gene expression and neuroprotection.
The leading mechanistic hypothesis is that, as a short and positively charged peptide, Pinealon can interact electrostatically with chromatin and the promoter regions of specific genes, influencing the transcription of neuroprotective and antioxidant proteins. This is described as an epigenetic-level mode of action, distinct from neurotransmitter or receptor-based compounds. It remains an active area of investigation.
In vitro studies report that Pinealon produces a dose-dependent reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils, and PC12 cells exposed to oxidative stress, and is associated with decreased necrotic cell death and increased cell viability in those models.
No. Pinealon is not approved by the FDA or any other regulatory authority for human therapeutic use. The published literature is preclinical and in vitro. Research-grade Pinealon sold here is intended strictly for in vitro laboratory research and is not for human or veterinary use.
Pinealon and Epitalon are both short-peptide bioregulators studied by the same research group. They share the proposed "peptide–DNA interaction" mechanistic framework but differ in amino-acid sequence and the gene targets and research models they are associated with. Pinealon (EDR) is most often studied in neuroprotection and oxidative-stress contexts.
Lyophilized Pinealon should be stored at -20°C and protected from moisture and light for long-term stability. Once reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, it should be stored at 2–8°C and used within approximately 14 days to preserve peptide integrity.
Published Literature
Cited Sources
Peer-reviewed literature
Independent published research indexed from PubMed and peer-reviewed journals — not Eon Peptides claims.
[1]
PUBMED
[2]Pinealon Increases Cell Viability by Suppression of Free Radical Levels and Activating Proliferative Processes
View source PUBMED
[3]Pinealon Protects the Rat Offspring from Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia
View source PMC
[4]EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation
View source JOURNAL
Regulatory Peptides Protect Brain Neurons from Hypoxia in Vivo
View source For Research Use Only.
Not for human or veterinary use. For in-vitro laboratory research only. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA; this product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Sold exclusively to qualified researchers and institutions.