Molecular data
| Molecular formula | C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 663.43 Da |
| CAS / identifier | 53-84-9 |
| Physical form | Lyophilized powder |
| Available sizes | 100mg, 500mg, 1000mg |
How it works
Mitochondrial Function
NAD+ is essential for mitochondrial electron transport chain function, directly participating in the conversion of nutrients to cellular energy (ATP). Declining NAD+ levels impair mitochondrial efficiency.
- Required for oxidative phosphorylation
- Electron carrier in metabolic reactions
- Supports 500+ enzymatic processes
Sirtuin Activation
NAD+ is the obligate co-substrate for all 7 sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1-7), which regulate aging, inflammation, stress resistance, and metabolic homeostasis. Without NAD+, sirtuins cannot function.
- Activates all 7 sirtuin enzymes
- Regulates aging and stress response
- Modulates inflammatory pathways
PARP & Genomic Stability
PARP enzymes consume NAD+ to repair DNA damage. As NAD+ declines with age, DNA repair capacity decreases, accelerating cellular senescence and genomic instability.
- Fuels PARP-mediated DNA repair
- Maintains genomic stability
- Counters age-related DNA damage
What the research shows
Aging & Senescence
NAD+ supplementation extends lifespan in multiple model organisms by activating sirtuin-mediated longevity pathways and improving mitochondrial function.
Covarrubias et al. 2021
Energy Metabolism
Declining NAD+ induces a pseudohypoxic state disrupting nuclear-mitochondrial communication. Restoring NAD+ reverses age-related metabolic decline in animal models.
Gomes et al. 2013
DNA Repair
NAD+ fuels PARP enzymes responsible for single-strand DNA break repair. Depletion leads to accumulated DNA damage and accelerated cellular aging.
Rajman et al. 2018
UPR Activation
The NAD+/sirtuin pathway modulates longevity through activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a key stress defense mechanism.
Mouchiroud et al. 2013
Specification
| Full Name | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 663.43 Da |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ |
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC verified) |
| Testing | Third-party HPLC, Mass Spec, Endotoxin |
| Storage (lyophilized) | -20°C for long-term stability |
| Storage (reconstituted) | 2–8°C, use within 14 days |
| Solubility | Water-soluble |
| COA | Included with every order |
Frequently asked questions
What is NAD+ and why is it important?
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme found in every living cell. It participates in over 500 enzymatic reactions and is critical for energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, which researchers believe contributes to age-related metabolic dysfunction.
How does NAD+ relate to aging?
NAD+ levels decline approximately 50% by age 50. This decline impairs mitochondrial function, reduces sirtuin enzyme activity, and compromises DNA repair capacity. Research in animal models shows that restoring NAD+ levels can reverse some markers of age-related decline.
What are sirtuins and why do they need NAD+?
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of enzymes that regulate aging, metabolism, inflammation, and stress resistance. They are completely dependent on NAD+ as a co-substrate — without sufficient NAD+, sirtuins cannot function, and their protective effects are lost.
What is the difference between NAD+, NMN, and NR?
NAD+ is the active coenzyme itself. NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) and NR (Nicotinamide Riboside) are precursors that cells convert into NAD+. Direct NAD+ supplementation bypasses the conversion steps, while NMN and NR rely on cellular enzymes to produce NAD+.
How should NAD+ be stored?
Lyophilized NAD+ should be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. After reconstitution, refrigerate at 2-8°C and use within 14 days. NAD+ is sensitive to heat and light — always protect reconstituted solutions from direct light.
Literature
- PubMed NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing
- PubMed NAD+ intermediates: The biology and therapeutic potential
- PubMed Declining NAD+ induces a pseudohypoxic state disrupting mitochondrial function
- PubMed The NAD+/sirtuin pathway modulates longevity through mitochondrial UPR activation
For laboratory research use only. Not a drug, supplement, or medical product; not for human or animal use. All findings referenced are from published preclinical/laboratory research.