Molecular data
| Molecular formula | C₁₄H₂₄CuN₆O₄ |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 403.9 Da |
| Sequence | Gly-His-Lys-Cu(II) |
| Sequence length | 3 residues |
| CAS / identifier | 49557-75-7 |
| Physical form | Lyophilized powder |
| Available sizes | 50mg, 100mg |
How it works
Copper Transport & Signaling
GHK-Cu chelates copper(II) ions and delivers them to cells, activating copper-dependent enzymes essential for collagen crosslinking, antioxidant defense, and tissue remodeling.
- High-affinity copper(II) binding
- Activates lysyl oxidase for collagen crosslinking
- Supports superoxide dismutase activity
ECM Remodeling & Repair
Stimulates fibroblasts to produce type I and III collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and decorin — rebuilding the extracellular matrix architecture in damaged tissue.
- 70% increase in collagen synthesis vs controls
- Glycosaminoglycan production enhanced
- Decorin synthesis for matrix organization
Genomic Reprogramming
Gene expression studies show GHK-Cu modulates 4,000+ human genes, resetting expression patterns toward a healthier, more youthful state. This is among the broadest gene-modulatory effects of any known peptide.
- 4,000+ genes modulated toward health
- Upregulates DNA repair genes
- Suppresses inflammatory gene expression
What the research shows
Skin Regeneration
Stimulates collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Studied extensively in wound healing and anti-aging skin models.
Pickart et al. 2015
Hair Restoration
Increases hair follicle size, stimulates follicle growth, and supports hair cycle transition in preclinical models.
Pickart et al. 2012
Gene Expression
Modulates 4,000+ genes including DNA repair, antioxidant defense, and anti-inflammatory pathways toward healthier expression patterns.
Pickart & Margolina 2014
Antioxidant Defense
Chelates free copper, reduces oxidative damage, and upregulates superoxide dismutase — the body's primary antioxidant enzyme.
Maquart et al. 2014
Specification
| Sequence | Gly-His-Lys-Cu(II) |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 403.9 Da |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₄H₂₄CuN₆O₄ |
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC verified) |
| Testing | Third-party HPLC, Mass Spec, Endotoxin |
| Storage (lyophilized) | -20°C for up to 24 months |
| Storage (reconstituted) | 2–8°C, use within 30 days |
| Solubility | Bacteriostatic water for reconstitution |
| COA | Included with every order |
Frequently asked questions
What is GHK-Cu and where does it come from?
GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide first isolated from human plasma in 1973 by Dr. Loren Pickart. It is found in human blood, saliva, and urine, with plasma levels declining from approximately 200 ng/mL at age 20 to 80 ng/mL by age 60.
What has research shown about GHK-Cu?
Preclinical research has demonstrated that GHK-Cu may promote wound healing and skin repair by stimulating collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis; attract immune and endothelial cells to injury sites; have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; and modulate the expression of over 4,000 genes toward healthier patterns.
Is GHK-Cu FDA approved?
GHK-Cu is not FDA approved as a drug. It is available as a research peptide and is also found in some cosmetic formulations. Injectable forms are sold exclusively for in vitro research purposes.
How is GHK-Cu used in research settings?
In research settings, GHK-Cu is typically reconstituted in bacteriostatic water and administered subcutaneously in animal models. Common research dosages range from 1-10 mg/kg in preclinical studies.
What is the molecular structure of GHK-Cu?
GHK-Cu consists of three amino acids — glycine, histidine, and lysine — complexed with a copper(II) ion. The molecular formula is C₁₄H₂₄CuN₆O₄ with a molecular weight of approximately 403.9 Da. The histidine residue provides the primary copper-binding site.
How should GHK-Cu be stored?
Lyophilized GHK-Cu should be stored at -20°C for maximum stability (up to 24 months). After reconstitution, refrigerate at 2-8°C and use within 30 days. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles and protect from light.
Literature
- PubMed GHK peptide as a natural modulator of multiple cellular pathways in skin regeneration
- PubMed The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions
- PubMed Tripeptide GHK induces programmed cell death in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
- PubMed GHK and DNA: Resetting the human genome to health
For laboratory research use only. Not a drug, supplement, or medical product; not for human or animal use. All findings referenced are from published preclinical/laboratory research.